STIs and STDs

What is the difference between an STI and an STD?

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are spread through unprotected oral, vaginal and anal sex with someone who has the STI or STD. STD refers to a collection of medical infections that are spread through sexual activity, these start as an infection and if left untreated develop into a disease (although this isn’t always the case). However this terminology is quite old fashioned and most people and medical professional use the term STI nowadays. This is because not all STIs turn into diseases, you may carry the infection and be contagious but the infection will not develop further. These infections and diseases can affect both men and women; however the symptoms, signs and consequences can be very different.

How many STDs and STIs are there?

The number of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Diseases depends upon what is considered to be an infection, parasite or disease. The line between sexually transmitted disease and infection has been blurred, with many being referred to as both. Below you will find a list of the most common STDs and STIs:

• Chlamydia
• Genital warts
• Genital herpes
• Gonorrhoea
• Syphilis
• HIV
• Trichomoniasis
• Pubic lice

What are the signs and symptoms of STIs?

The signs of STIs and STDs vary depending on the infection that you have, the severity of it and whether you are a man or a woman. Many symptoms of STIs and STDs are very similar, for example you could notice pain when you urinate, discharge from your vagina or penis as well as itching or irritation.

Also it is important to remember that some of these infections are asymptotic meaning that you symptoms may not appear at all, or if they do they might not develop for weeks or months after you are initially infected. That’s why it’s important to get regularly tested for STIs and STDs, as well as practise safe sex by using condoms.

STI symptoms in women can range from unusual vaginal discharge that might be white, clear or greenish in appearance. Men may also notice discharge from the tip of the penis, this too might be yellow in colour and accompanied by itching and irritation.

How can I protect myself from an STI or STD?

To protect yourself from getting and passing on STIs you can wear a female or male condom, this needs to be in place before and during any sexual activity. You can also use a dental dam for oral sex which acts as a protective barrier between your mouth and your partner’s genitals. The most effective way of protecting yourself from an STI or STD is to refrain from any sexual activity or to be in a monogamous relationship where both you and your partner have tested clear for any STIs. A great way to protect yourself and any partners is to get regularly tested for STDs especially when you begin a new relationship.

Sources

www.nhs.uk/conditions/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis

www.medinstitute.org/faqs/how-many-stis-are-there-and-what-are-their-names/

www.beforeplay.org/the-difference-between-stds-and-stis